How a Scorpion Gets Its Sting

Scorpion sting: update.

Scorpion envenomation is an important public health hazard in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Envenomation by scorpions can result in a wide range of clinical effects, including, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity and respiratory dysfunction. Out of 1500 scorpion species known to exist, about 30 are of medical importance. Although a variety of different scorpion species exist, majority of them pr...

Scorpion Sting 9 H

Scorpion envenomation is a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries, especially in Africa, MiddleEast, Latin America and India. At times it poses a significant lifethreatening acute time limiting cardiovascular emergency. Irrespective of different species of scorpion, similar cardiovascular effects are reported. Irrespective of the understanding of the pathophysiology ...

Scorpion sting nephropathy

Scorpion envenomations are ubiquitous, but nephropathy is a rare manifestation, reported mainly from the Middle East and North Africa. Rapid venom redistribution from blood, delayed excretion from the kidneys, direct toxicity of venom enzymes, cytokine release and afferent arteriolar constriction have been seen in experimental animals. Haemoglobinuria, acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephr...

Scorpion Sting in Human Beings

How a leaf gets its shape.

Leaves are formed from a group of initial cells within the meristem. One of the earliest markers of leaf initiation is the down-regulation of KNOX genes in initial cells. Polar auxin activity, MYB and LOB domain transcription factors function to keep KNOX out of the initiating leaf. If KNOX genes are expressed in initial cells, leaves fail to form. As the leaf grows away from the meristem, its ...